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Threat Overview
CISA's 2025 Year in Review highlights the ongoing threat to critical infrastructure, with adversaries exploiting vulnerabilities in software and systems to gain unauthorized access and disrupt operations. This threat affects a wide range of organizations and industries, with a focus on exploiting known vulnerabilities. The attack vector involves exploiting software vulnerabilities, often through phishing or other social engineering tactics.
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Key Intelligence Points
1. The threat involves exploiting known vulnerabilities in software and systems, including those related to authentication and authorization. 2. The affected scope includes critical infrastructure, including power grids, water treatment facilities, and transportation systems. 3. The attack chain involves initial access through phishing or other social engineering tactics, followed by lateral movement and escalation of privileges. 4. Detection opportunities include monitoring for suspicious login activity, unusual network traffic patterns, and unauthorized changes to system configurations.
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MITRE ATT&CK Techniques
T1566.001 Spearphishing Attachment T1204.001 User Execution
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Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) / Affected Systems
CISA-2025-01 CISA-2025-02 CISA-2025-03
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Mitigation & Detection
Implement patches and updates for all software and systems, and enforce strict access controls and authentication protocols to prevent unauthorized access.